A SHORT HISTORY OF THE CHILDREN’S JUSTICE CENTERS IN UTAH
In 1987 Grethe Peterson served as a citizen juror in a child sex abuse case involving two small children, age four and six. Their father was accused of sexually abusing his two children. As a juror, Grethe personally observed the additional trauma these two child victims experienced in the courtroom as they relived their traumatic abuse and were cross-examined by an aggressive defense attorney. It was apparent these children were not prepared for those events in the courtroom and that they had undergone significant stress during the long period as the case was being prepared for court. Grethe later learned these children had been interviewed by at least ten different “officials” over a year. Because of the inconsistencies in the children’s testimony, the jury could not find the father guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Grethe was troubled by the traumatic process and outcome of the case because she felt that the children had experienced a second level of abuse by the criminal justice system. As a concerned citizen, she began talking to judges, social workers, therapists, the police, and others who worked in this area. As she spoke to the various professionals, she discovered that how child abuse cases were handled by the Utah state criminal justice system, the Department of Social Services, and local police jurisdictions was very much on the minds of those running the Utah Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice. It was clear to all involved there was a severe lack of coordination and, at times, animosity between law enforcement and social service workers as they responded to child abuse cases. Although both were dealing with the same families and issues, they had separate purposes and perspectives.
At the same time, other citizens and advocacy groups were concerned about the same problem. Those working within the system felt their response was not the best, but with budget and personnel restraints, there was no better alternative. Grethe took her concerns to then-Governor Norm Bangerter, who listened and referred her to the Utah Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice. Governor Bangerter was aware the Commission had expressed concerns about the same issues. Subsequently, Grethe was asked to chair a task force to research these issues and make recommendations for Governor Bangerter.
After extensive meetings, the task force presented its recommendations to the Governor. The task force strongly recommended that the state of Utah adopt and implement the national Child Advocacy Center model created in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1985 by Bud Cramer, a Huntsville District Attorney. The centers are designed to be a safe, comfortable place for sexually abused children to come to during the investigative process. They operated out of a home to provide a welcoming and friendly atmosphere. Professionals work there together as a team and share information on cases to minimize the number of times a child must be interviewed and to decrease further trauma and harm to the child during the investigation and prosecution of the child sex abuse case.
In 1991, the Child Advocacy Model was introduced in Utah as the “Children’s Justice Centers.” The Utah legislature approved $300,000 to establish three Children’s Justice Centers in Utah, Salt Lake, and Weber counties. The three Centers also received federal grants for the first year of operation from VOCA (Victims of Crime Act) and the Nation Center on Child Abuse and Neglect.
As each Children’s Justice Center went up, raising funds from the individuals and institutions in the communities where they operated was necessary. The public-private efforts strengthened the commitment of the communities to the work.
Today, there are fourteen Children’s Justice Centers throughout Utah, from St. George to Vernal to Logan and along the Wasatch front. Each Children’s Justice Center serves its community by providing a safe, comfortable, and homelike environment for the child victims of sexual abuse to tell their stories, for law enforcement, prosecutors, and social workers to work together, share information, and thus, seek to avoid any further trauma to the child victim as the case is investigated and prosecuted. Utah’s Children’s Justice Centers have become places “where small voices can be heard.” They work.
Much has been accomplished since 1987 when Grethe Peterson served as a citizen juror in that child sex abuse case. However, much remains to be done. Utah’s Children’s Justice Centers need the continued financial support of Utah’s citizens and its businesses. Community education and outreach programs for Utah’s Children’s Justice Centers need constant funding, interview specialists need continual training, and interview and documentation equipment needs continual updating to keep up with technological advances and legal requirements. We are committed to those of our children who have or will become unfortunate victims of child sexual abuse and need a Children’s Justice Center. We are fulfilling that commitment by meeting the specific and ongoing financial needs of our Children’s Justice Centers.